Introduction Of Gibraltar Mine Commerce Essay

Gibraltar mine is the 2nd largest unfastened cavity Cu mine in Canada, which is located near Williams Lake in British Columbia. The Gibraltar sedimentation is a copper-molybdenum porphyritic rock. The chief primary mineral is sulphide mineral Pyrite and Chalcopyrite. As the militias proclamation at December 31, 2008, Gibraltar mine got a mine life to at least 2035. After finishing the Phase I & A ; II undertakings, the Gibraltar mine achieves the capacity of 55,000 metric tons per twenty-four hours. There are two sorts of mineralization ores, which are sulfide ore and oxide ore. The former 1 could be done by the regular mineral processing method, and the latter one should be done by the method called SX/EW ( solvent extraction electro-winning ) . Gibraltar mine besides updated their excavation and processing equipments for the development. Additional, Gibraltar mine has done a great occupation on the environment and sustainability issues.OverviewLocationThe Gibraltar copper-molybdenu m mine is located about 65 km Northwest of Williams Lake in south-central British Columbia with a well-developed substructure. The mine is accessible by a combination of main roads ( 97 ) and paved roads, and it is close to a rail web that provides service for cargo of Cu dressed ores through the Pacific Ocean port of North Vancouver ( Taseko, 2009 ) . Figure 1: Gibraltar – Regional Location ( Beginning: Taseko, 2009 )PropertiesThe Gibraltar mine is the 2nd largest unfastened cavity Cu mine in Canada ( Gibraltar, 2009 ) . The mine is a 46,000 metric tons per twenty-four hours operation with a life of mine mean one-year production of 100 million lbs of Cu and 1.1 million lbs of Mo. The mine is undergoing an enlargement and modernisation undertaking that will increase one-year Cu production capacity to 115 million lbs by 2011 ( Taseko, 2009 ) . Figure 2: The Satellite View of the Gibraltar Mine ( Beginning: Google Earth, 2009 )Brief historyThe development of the mine is as follow ( MREP, 2009 ) , 1910 The Gibraltar ore sedimentation was foremost discovered 1971 Originally built by Placer Development 1972 Began operation, 24 hours/day, 7 yearss a hebdomad 1998 Shutdown by Boliden due to the low Cu monetary values after 26 old ages operation 1999 Acquired by Taseko Mines Limited ( 100 % ) , put on standby 2003 Copper monetary values begin to increase, explorative boring plan began 2004 Reopened, and the SX-EW works was being restarted 2006 An extended boring plan discovered extra 30 % of militias 2008 Gibraltar proven and likely militias are increased by 28 % to 472 million metric tons, or 2.7 billion lbs of recoverable Cu widening mine life to 2035 ( Gibraltar, 2009 ) 2009 Prosperity Environmental Assessment study is submitted to both Provincial and Federal authoritiessGeologyFigure 3: Gibraltar – Minesite layout ( Beginning: InfoMine, 2009 ) The Gibraltar sedimentation is a copper-molybdenum porphyritic rock. The chief primary mineral is sulphide mineral Pyrite and Chalcopyrite. The ore occurs in seven detached zones, all within a 204 million twelvemonth old flinty stone. The mineralized zones are Gibraltar East, Pollyanna, Gibraltar West, Gibraltar West Extension, Gibraltar North, Connector and Granite Lake ( MREP, 2009 ) . â€Å" The cavities occur within the Granite Mountain batholite in a wide zone of shearing and change. The Sawmill zone lies about 6 kilometres to the South, along the southern border of the batholite, within a complex contact zone between the batholite and Cache Creek Group stones † ( InfoMine, 2009 ) . The mine site covers about 109 square kilometres and consists chiefly of 251 mineral claims and 30 excavation rentals ( InfoMine, 2009 ) . When the mine restarted in 2004, militias were merely 149 million metric tons, or about 12 old ages of mine life. The mission for the Gibraltar mine direction squad is to increase militias and widen the mine life. Over the past four old ages, over $ 20 million has been spent on three major drill plans, each plan ensuing in a important addition to turn out and likely militias. The most recent drill plan, in the spring and summer of 2008, resulted in a 28 % addition to turn out and likely militias, as announced in December 2008. Under present militias, the mine is expected to stay in current operation state of affairs until at least 2035. Here is the proclamation at December 31, 2008. Table 1: Calpe Militias and Resources at December 31, 2008 Class ( at 0.20 % Cu Cut-off ) Size ( M Tonnes ) Class Recoverable Metallic element Contained Metallic element Cu ( % ) Mo ( % ) Cu ( B pound ) Cu ( B pound ) Proven & A ; Probable Militias 472 0.315 0.008 2.7 3.0 Measured & A ; Indicated Resources 959 0.298 0.008–5.7 ( Beginning: Gibraltar, 2009 )FinanceTaseko Mines Limited Owns the 100 % of the Gibraltar mine ‘s involvement. The production of the Gibraltar mine is showed as below: Table 2: Summary of the Operating Statisticss Q2 20091 Fiscal 20082 Fiscal 2007 Entire metric tons mined ( 1000000s ) 14.8 51.8 35.4 Metric tons of ore milled ( 1000000s ) 6.5 13.6 9.5 Depriving ratio 1.2 2.7 2.6 Copper class ( % ) 0.35 0.351 0.328 Molybdenum class ( % ) 0.011 0.009 0.011 Copper recovery ( % ) 83.0 75.8 77.5 Molybdenum recovery ( % ) 30.6 31.8 29.6 Copper production ( 1000000s lb ) 39.0 76.9 51.8 Molybdenum production ( 1000s lb ) 404 840 580 Copper production costs, cyberspace of by merchandise credits, per pound of Cu US $ 0.94 US $ 1.87 US $ 1.03 Off belongings costs for conveyance, intervention ( smelting & A ; refinement ) & A ; gross revenues per pound of Cu US $ 0.29 US $ 0.43 US $ 0.35 Entire hard currency costs of production per pound of Cu US $ 1.23 US $ 2.30 US $ 1.38 Notes to postpone: 1 Q2 2009 relates to the 6 months stoping June 30, 2009 2 Fiscal 2008 relates to the 15 months stoping December 31, 2008. ( Beginning: Taseko, 2009 ) From the above tabular array, we can happen that the depriving ration of the Gibraltar mine is at a significantly reduced compared with the anterior old ages. Harmonizing the Taseko mines Second Quarter Results, the Gibraltar mine â€Å" operated for the first six months of 2009 under a program initiated in November 2008, based on 45,000 metric tons per twenty-four hours factory † ( Taseko, 2009 ) . â€Å" This new operational program along with worsening input costs, and the realisation of the Phase I enlargement, resulted in well reduced costs compared to prior old ages. The mine is presently reexamining a return to lodge mean strip ratio based on recent strength in Cu and molybdenum demand and corresponding additions in metal monetary values † ( Taseko, 2009 ) . As known, the market of metals suffered a historical hardest clip during 2008 and 2009, due to the planetary fiscal crisis. However, the entire hard currency cost of production per pound of Cu of Gibraltar mine declined aggressively to US $ 1.23 in 2009. Therefore, even though the monetary value of Cu has declined, Gibraltar ‘s net income border has still improved.MiningMining OperationMining at Gibraltar is carried out utilizing conventional unfastened cavity methods in the Pollyanna on the east side of the belongings, which is 1.8 kilometer long by 0.7 kilometers at its widest point. Drilling is done by a fleet of 3 rotary blast hole drills, which drill 32 centimeter diameter holes and 15 m deep. Blasting is done two to three times a hebdomad and creates 13.7 m high benches in the cavity wall ( MREP, 2009 ) . â€Å" Blasted ore is loaded by one of three P & A ; H shovels into one of 11 draw trucks that hold between 205 and 240 metric tons each. They haul the ore about 2.4 kilometers to a gyratory crusher located above the cavity near the factory edifice. The draw trucks transport most waste stone to dumps along the north wall of the Pollyanna cavity where they are bit by bit make fulling in the cavity. Some waste stone that contains oxidized Cu mineral ore is hauled out of the cavity to a reserve for polishing procedure † ( MREP, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to the Annual General Meeting Presentation, the building for the Phase I enlargement and modernisation was completed in January 2008, accomplishing 46,000 metric tons per twenty-four hours steady province. And Phase II enlargement undertaking was completed in March 2009, to increase the capacity to 55,000 metric tons per twenty-four hours ( Gibraltar, 2009 ) .Mining EquipmentGibraltar mine acquired new excavation equipment in topograph ic point to manage higher factory rates, as below. Figure 4: New Mining truck – 240 ton TEREX MT 4400AC ( Beginning: TEREX, 2009 ) Figure 5: New Mining Shovel – P & A ; H 4100C Electric MS ( Beginning: Zlotnikov, 2009 ; P & A ; H Mining Equipment, 2009 )ProcedureFigure 6: Mill Flowsheet of Gibraltar Mine ( Beginning: Gibraltar, 2008 )Comminution ProcedureComminution is a procedure, which breaks the stone from big balls into smaller pieces and so to finer atoms. There are crushers used for interrupting the big stones and bomber to finer atoms. In Gibraltar mine, the new provender & A ; crunching circuit described as, ROM goes in to a gyratory crusher ( 54Ãâ€"74 ) followed by four parallel secondary crushers ( 13Ãâ€"84 ) in closed circuit. Then, the crushed ores are conveyed into the 34 pess SAG factory through a 45A ° conveyor at a rate of 49,000 metric tons per twenty-four hours. The ore was distributed to 6 ball factory circuits, which pulverize the ore to sand. Then, the stuff discharged from Millss is separated by hydro-cyclones ( The flood & lt ; 0.5mm, underflow & gt ; 0.5mm ) . In add-on, there are 2 re-grinding factory, which are used to cut down the rougher floatation merchandises from under 0.5 millimeter to under 0.1 millimeter ( Chen, 2008 ) .Flotation ProcedureThe froth floatation is really a physical procedure that uses wetting agents and wetting reagents to increase the hydrophobicity of the minerals. The sulfide minerals, such as copper pyrites and peacock ore, are water-resistant ( hydrophobic ) . Ther efore, foams are added to the slurry to do aggregator ( bubbles ) stronger adequate to keep the affiliated minerals to the surface ( EduMine, 2009 ) . From the Millss the slurry is piped into floatation cells, which float a assorted Cu and moly dressed ore, which is piped to a Mo floatation circuit where the moly and Cu dressed ores are separated. These dressed ores pass through a thickening before being dried. In the Copper-Moly Separation Circuit, NaHS is added in this circuit as a Cu sedative in order to forestall the Cu from drifting. Meanwhile, the moly can still drift ( Chen, 2008 ) . Figure 7: Original and Modernized Flotation Circuit ( Beginning: Gibraltar, 2009 )Polishing ProcedureIn the early phase, Gibraltar besides operated a SX/EW ( solvent extraction electro-winning ) works on site to retrieve cathode Cu from Cu oxide minerals, viz. azurite, malachite, chalcocite and cuprite. The procedure involved fade outing these minerals in sulfuric acid with the aid of of course happening bacteriums in out-of-door hemorrhoids of waste stone, followed by electroplating the dissolved Cu metal from the acid in the enclosed refinery edifice. Gibraltar ‘s SX/EW works produced around 38,430 metric tons of cathode Cu from 1986 to 1999. The installation was reopened in 2007 and is one time once more bring forthing Cu cathode at a rate of 1.1 million kgs per twelvemonth ( MREP, 2009 ) . The chiefly intent of the SX/EW works is to pull out Cu from the pregnant leach solutions ( PLS ) collected from the site ‘s leach mopess and heap leach tablet. â€Å" The procedure takes PLS and extracts the Cu in three extraction mixer-settlers. The Cu is extracted through a liquid ion-exchange reagent carried in kerosine. † The Cu is selectively transferred to the organic stage, due to the chemical reaction. The laden organic stage is separated and flows to a strip mixer-settler where the Cu is transferred from the organic to the electrolyte. â€Å" The electrolyte is filtered and heated before being passed through the electro-winning cells where the Cu is plated out on chromium steel steel cathodes. Sporadically, the cathodes are removed from the cells, washed and the Cu sheets automatically harvested. The attendant high quality cathode Cu is bundled and sold † ( InfoMine, 2009 ) .ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITYGibraltar Mine besides locates in the bosom of BC ‘s Cariboo Chilcotin tableland, which is a high interior part of assorted cone-bearing woods and grasslands. â€Å" It is home to many different types of wild animate beings, cervid, moose, reindeer, black bears, wolves, every bit good as farm animal. † The intent of Gibraltar ‘s renewal program is to return the site to the wild animate beings. In 1999, an environmental appraisal complete when Taskeo bought the mine concluded the cost to be $ 32.7 million for both renewal and H2O direction. Final inside informations have non been mapped out, but so far grass and legume vegetive screens have been established on disturbed land to instantly command air current eroding and supply eatage ( MREP, 2009 ) . Meanwhile, Gibraltar formed a successful partnership with the Cariboo Regional District ( CRD ) , which designed, built ( 2003 ) and now maintains a landfill on one of the mine ‘s waste stone shit. The landfill accepts 13,000 metric tons of family waste from CRD communities each twelvemonth ( MREP, 2009 ) . The public gave a agree ballot to the landfill site plan, because they believed that set uping such a installation at a mine site would be environmentally, socially and economically sustainable, and could be developed as a public private partnership ( InfoMine, 2009 ) . â€Å" Under the understanding, Gibraltar would stay responsible for the waste stone and drainage below the landfill and the Cariboo Regional District would be responsible for the air infinite above the waste stone † ( InfoMine, 2009 ) . The benefits of set uping the landfill at the Gibraltar mine ‘s waste stone shit are legion: ( InfoMine, 2009 ) Located on industrial land, with no demand to construct roads and upset new land, environmental impact and extra cost of building were eliminated. Large on-site mine equipment could construct the landfill at half the cost. The landfill would congratulate mine renewal. The mine ‘s extended surface and groundwater monitoring system would besides function the landfill.DecisionPut a short decision, non like Fisher!

Human and Monster Help People

In the Frankenstein, there are six characters that die in the novel. What is the fundamental cause of their death? Who is the real killer? One may argue that this question is meaningless because it is obvious that the nameless monster kills almost every character except victor’s mother, who died naturally. However, the real killer should not be just the one who kills people by his hand, but the one who causes the death of so many innocent people, fundamentally. In the novel, initially, the nameless creature is a really benevolent creature, but, with time went by, people’s discrimination gradually changed him to devil, who determined to revenge his creator by killing his beloved. Therefore, discrimination is the real killer. First, examining how the six characters died may lead to insight for the questions on hand. Caroline Beaufort, Victor’s mother, dies of scarlet fever. William Frankenstein, Victor’s youngest brother, is strangled by monster in the woods outside Geneva. Justine Moritz, a young girl adopted into the Frankenstein household, is executed for William’s murder. Henry Clerval, victor’s boyhood friend and Elizabeth Lavenza, victor’s the wife, are strangled by the monster too. Alphonse Frankenstein, Victor’s father, is overcome with grief over the deaths of his close family members. The monster is, directly or indirectly, involved every time character dies except victor’s mother’s death. But why does he do this? Is that because of his nature? No. The monster is virtuous at the beginning. The whole village was roused; some fled, some attacked me, until, grievously bruised by stones and many other kinds of missile weapons, I escaped to the open village, and fearfully took refuge in a low hovel, quiet bare, and making a wretched appearance. † (73) I found the monster’s reaction to people’s sudden attack is not him fighting back or an act of revenge, which is the normal response of ki ller or any other evil creature, but escape. â€Å"I lay on my straw, but I could not sleep. I thought of the occurrences of the day. What chiefly struck me was the gentle manners of these people; and I long to join them, but dare not†. The monster wants to merge into a warm family instead of trying to hurt them. It means he also really wants to be loved and love others. The above quotes suggest that the monster’s nature is good, meaning he is not the one to harm another purposefully. How does a nice creature, which goes after love, gradually become an evil devil? Something must have happens and gradually change his thoughts. Look at how he was born. â€Å"It was dark when I awoke; I felt cold also, and half frightened, as it were, instinctively, finding myself so desolate. (71) This description above shows the monster is left alone by Victor because of the monster’s appearance and suffered from coldness and loneliness since the first day when he was created, while it is just the start of his miserable life. Look at the first times when he met a human being. Suffering from hunger, the nameless creature went into a small hut and an old man sat there. â€Å"He turned on hearing a noise, and perceiving me, shrieked loudly, and quitting the hut, ran across the fields with a speed of which his debilitated form hardly appeared capable†(72). Once the old man notices the nameless creature and runs away because the monster’s appearance is terrifying and he assumes the monster will hurt him. We can see the old man as a representative of the ordinary people. He judges the nameless creatures by his appearance instead of quality. Imagine this situation: you are a really nice person and keep trying to make friends with others, but they discriminates you because of your skin color, gender or any other characters you have. This will make every emotional creature hurt. Actually the monster’s situation is even worse than that, because he has no companion and the only reason why everyone in this world discriminate him is his terrifying appearance which is not his fault. Therefore, it is reasonable for his inner world to gradually become dark. If people just try to avoid him, maybe, it is still acceptable. But what if his beloved try to destroy him? Please look at this sentence: â€Å"Agatha fainted, and Safie, unable to attend to her friend, rushed out of the cottage. Felix darted forward, and with supernatural force tore me from his father, to whose knees I clung, in a transport of fury, he dashed me to the ground and struck me violently with a stick. I could have torn him limb from limb, as the lion rends the antelope. But my heart sank within me as with bitter sickness, and I refrained. †(94) At the sight of the monster, worrying about monster will hurt his father, Felix spares no effort to attack the monster , while the monster is the one who had always been trying to help this family alleviate life burden and been eager to become a part to his family. Wronged and beaten by those cottagers, monster still refrained from desire to fight back, even though he is strong enough to tear Felix up. It is not the deed of a killer. How many human beings can be as tolerable as him? In a sense, the monster is even nobler than many of us. However, people regard this creature, which looks scary, as a monster, which is hostile to human. Nobody cares about it comes with a heart of gold. In this case, how does he feel? His feelings are afflicted and intensively contradictory. When I thought of my friends, of the mild voice of De Lacey, the gentle eyes of Agatha, and the exquisite beauty of the Arabian, these thoughts vanished and a gush of tears somewhat soothed me. But again when I reflected that they had spurned and deserted me, anger returned, a rage of anger, and unable to injure anything human, I turned my fury towards inanimate objects. †(97)Through these sentences, we can feel the monster’s inner struggle. He wanted to vent his i ndignation and hatred, but at the thought of his â€Å"protector†, he calmed down. Then, once he thinks of their departure and aversion to him, rage came back. However, he only turned his anger to inanimate stuff. He wants to revenge for what people have done to him but his nature tells him he shouldn’t do that. Even if he can’t control his anger, he still tries to minimize the damage by only destroying inanimate stuff. He wants to be a genuine person and gets along well with human being, but was rejected and hurt again and again. The reality tortured him emotionlessly. He was perplexed at that time. His thought was not as benevolent and pure as before. The discrimination of human being towards him made him started thinking of revenge. However, there is something worse waiting for him. â€Å"This was then the reward of my benevolence! I had saved a human being from destruction, and as recompense I now writhed under the miserable pain of a wound which shattered the flesh and bone. The feelings of kindness and gentleness which I had entertained but a few moments before gave place to hellish rage and gnashing of teeth. Inflamed by pain, I vowed eternal hatred and vengeance to all mankind. † (99) This is the description of the inner world of monster after being shot by a peasant whose daughter was saved by monster. He tried his best to save a girl and it’s the evidence of his heart of gold. However, the girl’s father never thought of why he save her life and try to restore her animation, but shot him because his appearance makes him look like a monster which will hurt human being. What if it is a human being that saves the girl? Usually, the peasant will show his gratitude and might even ask him to have a meal. If we compare these two conditions, we will find the deed of the saver is the same and but the attitude of peasant will be different. What determines the differences is the appearance of the saver. Humanlike saver is regarded as a nice person and creature which has strange or frightening appearance is regarded as devil. Isn’t that a kind of discrimination? The cruelty of reality kept swallowing his benevolence until the only thing left him to do is revenge. When the monster compromised to victor at the condition of creating a female companion for him, Victor broke his promise because he thought creating another creature like monster can only bring troubles. It is a reflection of discrimination. â€Å"As I looked on him, his countenance expressed the utmost extent of malice and treachery. I thought with a sensation of madness on my promise of creating another like to him, and trembling with passion, tore to pieces the thing on which I was engaged. † (119)This scene happened after Victor seeing the face of monster. When Victor was about to finish his work, he started to think creating another creature like monster can only bring more tragedies and decided to destroyed the monster’s female companion. It is true that the monster killed his brothers, but it is because there are too many miseries happened, revenge becomes the only thing he want to do to vent his indignation. We should notice that the monster can bring more sorrow to Victor and even other human beings, if only he wanted. However, if he didn’t do that, it means, in his deep heart, he is still benevolent creature. Nevertheless, Victor never care about how many good deeds the monster has done or the happiness of the creature he create, but only thought that the negative consequence of what the creature would make. Victor assumed the monster can never be a good creature, so his thought and decision are the reflection of discrimination on the monster. When we try to synthesis every part of novel I mentioned before, we will find the nature of this monster is good, but, gradually, the only thing in his mind is to revenge. What kind of thing makes a so nice creature become an evil? The answer is countless misery and injustice he experienced. Why does a nice creature have to suffer so much? Is that because of the fault of God? No! It is because of the discrimination. No matter how many times the monster help people, everyone in the novel, even children, thinks this creature is evil and tries to hurt people, so they avoid him, hurt him and even try to kill im. A nice creature never receives love or even sympathy because of his appearance, and, regardless of how the monster felt, his creator destroyed his last hope of being loved, so he wanted to see his creator was as painful as he was and decided to murder victors’ beloved. Now we can see that discrimination makes the nameless benevolent creature become a devil, contributing to the death of innocent people. So the real killer should be human being’s discrimination.

Compare and contrast Otello and Iago from the play of Sharespare Essay

Compare and contrast Otello and Iago from the play of Sharespare - Essay Example He is a proud man, and he is portrayed as acting out of good intentions, even though he kills his wife out of jealousy because he thinks she has been unfaithful to him. When he realizes what he has done, and that his wife is innocent, he is bitterly sorry and says Othello: â€Å"I kissed thee ere I killed thee: No way but this, Killing myself, to die upon a kiss.† (Othello: Act 5 scene 2.) This emphasis on kissing as betrayal recalls the figure of Judas, one of Jesus Christ’s disciples. Just like Judas, Othello feels that he has no alternative at the end of the play. He has to kill himself because he cannot bear the guilt that he feels because of his actions. This shows that he has absorbed not just the courtly ways of noble Europeans but also the deeper Christian sensibility of that culture. Iago, on the other hand, is a very bad character who enjoys a high status in his own society. Superficially Iago is Christian, but underneath he is manipulative and cynical, obsess ed with wealth and glory rather than any morals or high ideals. It is Iago’s jealousy and hatred which causes him to meddle in Othello’s relationship with Desdemona.

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Computer Electronics Warehouse - Essay Example o address how a computer warehouse can be kept operational for computer/laptop along with their accessories through delineating the advantages and the disadvantages of warehouse automation. Moreover, the strategies to be used for optimal utilization of surface area and importance of suppliers in warehousing management would also be determined. Evolution of My Warehouse. My warehouse mission statement is to be consistent in superior delivery through proper management of warehouse and emerging as the United States’ (US) leading retailer of computer/laptop and accessories with a vision of becoming the customers’ first choice through providing a wider range of quality products at best price with superior advice. Being the employers’ prior choice in industry would also be a key mission of the warehouse. The warehouse deals in the products including computer, laptops and accessories which are commonly usable products in office, household along with commercial purposes. Correspondingly, the proper route for distribution of these products will be using land, sea, air and through online which can help in smooth and easy processing. Location of warehouse should be in heavy industrialised area as such equipment requires proper knowledge with proper handing. Besides, the employees should have ample knowledge of w ork and have high experience of working in handling sensitive materials as any mislead in the process of storing could create massive loss to the warehouse operations. Employees should further be sub-divided into various departments with proper warehouse assistants who should be experienced enough in monitoring goods safely and maintaining efficiency with proper records. For a particular section of employees employed in moving various products within the warehouse, any previous experience might not be critical as full training program would be gradually provided to enhance their knowledge about their job role. However, knowledge about the warehouse environment

The Culture Effects in Women Performance at the Public Agencies in Research Proposal

The Culture Effects in Women Performance at the Public Agencies in Saudi Arabia - Research Proposal Example The rulers enforce the Islamic law in handling the state’s executive, administrative and judicial functions. The country’s most significant natural resource is oil and the main business areas are oil refinery, jewels etc. Development plans and policies are based on the Islamic values. Background of the Study: All Saudi Arabians are Muslims and some are included in a minority of Shia. They are following Handbali School of Islamic law. The women may not have any rights like men in the society. They have limitations to enter in to the society. They are not allowed to drive and without permission of male guardian (Muharam) they will not travel abroad. â€Å"Women are employed in girls' schools and the women's sections of universities, social work and development programs for women, banks that cater to female clients, medicine and nursing for women, television and radio programming, and computer and library work. Sections of markets are set aside for women sellers. However, only about 7 percent of Saudi Arabia's formal workforce is female† (Saudi Arabia, 2011). The separation is considered as the mechanism for sexual modesty. Their status is high in the family, in their role like mother or sister. A significant number of women are succeeding in academic, business, literary production etc, even when facing restrictions to public. This is because of the gaining popularity of women’s literature than earlier times.... The social and cultural rights of Saudi females are circumscribed by the values of sexual segregation that leads to restrain or limit their activity. Working in Saudi Arabia is a challenging factor, especially for women. Saudi Arabian culture and values are different it is highly oriented with Islamic religion. Their dresses also express religious piety. It must not be very fit for body and it must not attract any attentions. â€Å"Like a woman's clothing, a woman's role in Saudi Arabia culture is largely dictated by the prevailing religious beliefs. Unlike in the West, where a woman's equal partnership with her husband is at least given lip service, a Saudi marriage is often arranged† (A Women’s Perspective on Saudi Arabia Culture, 1995). Aim and Objectives: 1) To identify the various cultural barriers faced by the women in performing the public agencies in Saudi Arabia. 2) To identify the how the cultural values of Saudi Arabia affect the performance of women in publi c agencies? 3) To identify the various problems faced by the women in Saudi Arabia. Significance of Study: Saudi Arabian women are facing a big challenge to perform in public agencies. They feel like tied in the home. They do not have permission to enter in to the society or to be active in any economical or political field. The traditional culture and law make them feel bad for themselves. Western countries are giving high consideration to women’s opinion and participation. They do not face any restraints in entering in to the society and can travel at night also. They are self-sufficient and work in high positions in various organizations. Saudi women, also, have the urge to become independent and self-sufficient and they yearn for those things. But there are

Introduction to Business Law examples Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction to Business Law examples - Essay Example These included details like the apartment description, payment terms, lease period as well as certain restriction or "house rules" which both parties had to follow. Fourth, both parties have the capacity to enter into a contract given that are both past the age of majority, which in most states in the US is set at 18 years old (Emerson, 2003). Lastly, the said contract was valid because it was in accordance with public policy (Miller & Jentz, 2004), i.e. we ensured that no law was violated in relation with our agreement. 2. Write a short contract to provide service to someone. You may request for monetary reimbursement or something else of equal value from the other party. Make certain that your work satisfies the basic requirements of a legal contract. That Mr / Ms (Your name) binds himself to provide lawn mowing services to Mr / Ms (Your neighbor's name) every Saturday at 8 a.m. at the latter's residence located at (Your neighbor's address) in consideration of the monthly service fee amounting to two hundred dollars ($200.00); 3. You invite a painter over to your home to discuss some painting that needs to be done. You discuss what needs to be painted, the desired color scheme, and the final price. Nothing is written down. You agree on the terms and the painter then performs the work, for which you pay him. Have you entered into a contract If so, what type Given that both parties ha

Antimicrobial Effects of Cilantro Essay Example for Free

Antimicrobial Effects of Cilantro Essay A drop of cilantro juice and water in varying concentrations (1:10, 1:20, 1:40, 1:80) was added to a nutrient agar plate inoculated with S. epidermis and a nutrient agar plate inoculated with E. coli. The plates were incubated for 48 hours and then observed for a zone of clearing where the cilantro juice drop was placed. Cilantro was found to not display antimicrobial activity against either bacterium in the experiment in any of the different dilutions. These results could have to do with the possible contamination of cilantro or the specific bacteria we chose to target. Additional studies of cilantro should be conducted on different types of bacteria in order to gain a better understanding of how the herb works as an antimicrobial. Introduction Herbs and spices have been used for many years for their health benefits and antimicrobial properties (Lai amp; Roy, 2004). Cilantro, an herb found in many ethnic food dishes, has been shown to have an antibacterial effect on Salmonella choleraesuis due to the compound dodecanal found in the leaves. Dodecanal was found to be twice as potent as the antibiotic gentamicin that is commonly prescribed for Salmonella infections (Kubo, Fujita, Kubo, Nihei, amp; Ogura, 2004). The antimicrobial properties of cilantro have also been demonstrated against the bacteria’s Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli (Marsh amp; Arriola, 2009). We decided to conduct our own experiment to see if cilantro had any antimicrobial effect on the bacteria’s Staphylococcus epidermis and Escherichia coli. Experiments about the antimicrobial properties of herbs re interesting because their results can affect the way people choose to eat. For example, if a certain herb is found to delay food spoilage then perhaps people will choose to include it more often in their cuisines. Or, if a study finds that an herb has an antibacterial effect on an organism commonly found on produce, perhaps a fruit and vegetable wash could be produced that contains the herb in order to help prevent inf ection. We chose both a gram positive bacterium (S. epidermis) and a gram negative bacterium (E. oli) to see if a bacterial outer membrane would inhibit any antibacterial effect of cilantro. Gram negative bacteria have an outer membrane and gram positive bacteria do not (Tortura, Funke, amp; Case, 2010). We predicted that cilantro would have an antimicrobial effect on S. epidermis but not on E. coli. We inoculated two nutrient agar plates, covering each with one of the bacteria’s, and divided each plate into quarters. We then placed one drop of cilantro juice mixed with water in each of the four sections in different concentrations. This allowed us to see if a minimum concentration of cilantro was needed to produce an antimicrobial effect. We then incubated the plates at 37 degrees Celsius to allow the bacteria to grow and evaluated the plates after 48 hours. We expected to see a clearing of bacteria in at least one of the quadrants of the plate containing S. epidermis and did not expect to see any clearing of bacteria on the E. coli plate. Methods 1. Label one nutrient agar plate S. epidermis and one nutrient agar plate E. coli and divide each plate into quarters. Label each quarter with the different dilutions : 1:10, 1:20, 1:40, and 1:80. 2. Inoculate and label one water blank with S. epidermis and one water blank with E. coli. 3. Create a lawn plate of S. epidermis by dipping the inoculating loop into the water/S. epidermis tube and streaking the loop across the nutrient agar plate labeled S. epidermis. The entire surface of the plate should be inoculated with bacteria by zigzagging the loop across the plate after every quarter turn. After the initial zigzag, the plate should be turned three more times for streaking to be performed. Repeat this process by making a lawn plate of E. coli. 4. Put nine drops of sterile water into one of the depressions of the sterile spot plate using a sterile Pasteur pipette and a third unused sterile water blank. Put five drops of sterile water into three more depressions of the sterile spot plate. 5. Ground cilantro using a mixer or juicer and add the last sterile water blank to the cilantro in order to obtain a drop of cilantro juice. 6. Put the cilantro juice drop into the first depression of the sterile spot plate that already has the nine drops of water in it using a sterile eye dropper. This creates a dilution of cilantro of 1:10 (1 drop cilantro juice out of a total of 10 parts/drops). 7. With the same sterile Pasteur pipet used to add water to the sterile spot plate, mix the cilantro juice and water contained in the first depression of the sterile spot plate. Put one drop of the first depression mixture into the section of the S. epidermis nutrient agar plate labeled 1:10. Repeat this step for the E. coli nutrient agar plate. 8. Using the same first Pasteur pipet, put five drops of the first depression mixture into the second depression of the sterile spot plate. Take a new, second sterile pipet and mix the cilantro juice and water contained in the second depression of the sterile spot plate. Put one drop of the second depression mixture into the section of the S. epidermis nutrient agar plate labeled 1:20. Repeat this step for the E. coli nutrient agar plate. 9. Using the same second Pasteur pipet, put five drops of the second depression mixture into the third depression of the sterile spot plate. Take a new, third sterile pipet and mix the cilantro juice and water contained in the third depression of the sterile spot plate. Put one drop of the third depression mixture into the section of the S. epidermis nutrient agar plate labeled 1:40. Repeat this step for the E. coli nutrient agar plate. 10. Using the same third Pasteur pipet, put five drops of the third depression mixture into the fourth depression of the sterile spot plate. Take a new, fourth sterile pipet and mix the cilantro juice and water contained in the fourth depression of the sterile spot plate. Put one drop of the fourth depression mixture into the section of the S. epidermis nutrient agar plate labeled 1:80. Repeat this step for the E. coli nutrient agar plate. 11. Incubate both nutrient agar plates at thirty seven degrees Celsius for at least forty eight hours. Results Cilantro did not display antimicrobial activity against S. epidermis and E. coli in our experiment. A clear zone where the cilantro juice drop was placed would be indicative of cilantro acting as an antibiotic because bacteria would be cleared from the area. Both the S. epidermis and E. coli lawn plates showed no clearing in any of the four dilution sections (1:10, 1:20, 1:40, 1:80) where a drop of cilantro juice was placed. Interestingly, there was additional microbial growth where the cilantro juice drop was placed.

Corporate Social Responsibility Of Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility Of Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Corporate Social Responsibility is the means by which a company justifies their existence in order to gain success by showing an interest in taking care of the people and the communities that surround them. Corporate Social Responsibility has the purpose of giving to the society as a whole, an impact that is positive which ensures that it is sustainable for quite some time. The hospitality industry should tightly uphold Corporate Social Responsibility which is also referred to as social responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility ensures that the society is up to date with events that take place in the society. The society consists of the shareholders to the companies and hence if the society benefits they benefit too. Corporate Social Responsibility helps the companies to create a good image to the public and hence market themselves. Recently so many students are taking hospitality courses, and research carried out has shown that they have come to know about the industry through Corporate Social Responsibility. Most of the students are studying about management of hospitalism. The hospitalism industry requires understanding with a high level of skills in order to deal with the management strategies that are required. The hospitality industry also attracts many people because of the hefty pay that employees get. This industry has many business people running different firms in it. Majority of the people who are in this firms do not look at the industry as being sustainable, and hence they make their short term profits and leave the damage to the society, this has greatly spoilt the image of the industry to the society. These firms should be responsible about the environment if they want the industry to sustain itself through conservation of resources. This way they should be in a position to take care of the pollution that they cause and the waste released to the environment that is toxic. Companies that have upheld corporate social responsibility are doing very well in the market because the society wants to support the companies so that they can continue to do good for the society. Corporate Social Responsibility is about conducting business according to the code of ethics that are laid down for the industry. The society has expectations from the hospitality industry, and it is only fair that they should be met. Corporate Social Responsibility makes the firms in the hospitality industry to strictly obey the laid out rules so that they do not cause damage to the society. However the laws and policies set by the government need to be good to effect Corporate Social Responsibility. So many brands are widely known because of the place where they are produced, which can be in another country or continent for example people believe that items manufactured in the United Kingdom are of a better quality than those produced in African countries. The sales strategy that some companies use to advertise their products has enabled them to be known in the whole globe. Thus Corporate Social Responsibility is the way to recognition for many companies if they want to be known globally. These firms in the hospitality industry are assessed on their financial strengths using the financial statements. The financial position of a company determines how much the brand is going to be recognized. Hospitality companies with high capital tend to attract so many shareholders because the shareholders have trust in the survival of the company and hence they love to be associated with such a company. Above all things the environment is the focus of every company especially those in the hospitality industry. A conducive environment is important for the hospitality industry because it ensures a good regulation for the weather. With so many hospitality companies neglecting the negative effect that   they are subjecting the environment to ,they are hence   encouraged to look for other companies in the hospitality industries that they can group up with so that they can be able to address the negative impact on the environment. Corporate Social Responsibility helps in the overriding of firms in the hospitality industry. The name that a company carries to the public has always proven to be an asset that is valuable. The other thing that has proven important is the value of the brand. With these two aspects Corporate Social Responsibility comes in place to assist in creating a good name for the company or the firm it makes the customers to have trust in the company and also construct loyalty among the employees and even the shareholders. Majority of hospitality companies express corporate social responsibility by making a contribution to causes that are good in the society. The hospitality industry should be in a position to put into consideration equality in respect to gender in order to avoid discrimination at work. The employees in this industry need to be very well trained to ensure that they are in a position to serve clients well. Corporate Social Responsibility helps to take care of some employees who are often vulnerable to discrimination such as the immigrants and people who are physically incapacitated. The hospitality industry needs people who love to work in the industry, this is because it helps them in their hiring of employees for the reason that as much as the salary is good employees want to work for companies that have the interests of the community by being able to help decrease the levels of poverty that are being experienced by some countries. Corporate social responsibility helps to motivate stuff and make them want to continue working in the industry. Many hospitality companies who have engaged in Corporate Social Responsibility events ensure that they include the activities in the company reports that are prepared annually. The International Standardization Organization (ISO) wants to create standards that will apply to hospitality and other companies that will ensure their involvement in the corporate social responsibilities. These standards once created will help in the conversation of the environment. The hospitality industry deals a lot with the lifestyles that people live. It is however supported by tourists and hence it is important to create a good name for itself in order attract more customers. The hospitality industry is encouraged to offer services that the customers demand from them. Corporate social responsibility prevents the hospitality industry from embezzling funds. Millennium hotel group UK contribution to CSR Since the world travel and tourism council released reports on   the contribution that the   hospitality industry   to the economy in form of the high revenues that they fetch for the country, the participation in corporate social responsibilities is almost inevitable. The millennium groups of hotels have learnt to merge focus of the business with ethics that are highly integrated to responsibilities. They have also come to the realization that, when the societies are involved in the hotels operations, they help them to gain leadership behaviors that guide them in managing their small businesses and most of all they have helped the society acquire styles of leadership that are sustainable. The millennium hotels in the events of promoting the corporate social responsibilities have been able to interact with communities from different backgrounds. They have interacted well and made some of the best relationships that are cross sectored and across the various cultures at the same time. The creation of such relationships helps in sharing ideas that are good for business. This ideas help the organizations know what is expected on the inside of the hotel management and even on the outside. Also about leadership, they learn how to transform the various styles of leadership that they use to suite them. Some of the benefits that the millennium hotels have got are that they are able to know some of the factors that are ultimate for dealing with Corporate Social Responsibility. The millennium hotels have also been able to carry campaigns which are encouraging the other business that in the hospitality industry to get involved in helping the society move forward. The millennium hotels have been able to learn the gains that accrue to them because they have created a brand name for themselves globally and have also been assisted in carrying out their ways of marketing the products that they offer. They have been in the front line as far as the protection of the environment is concerned because they have very developed systems of disposing off the wastes from their premises. They have helped to shape the society regarding ethics that people should uphold. They have taught the society that offering help at the right time is important and one should help where he or she can. There are some industries that offer help when it is too late and this makes development very expensive. The millennium hotels are among the top in the list among Corporates that have been involved greatly in the corporate social responsibilities. The millennium hotels have been offering corporate social responsibilities for a long time now and hence they have a lot of knowledge as far as corporate social responsibility is concerned. They are therefore good in dealing with challenges that come as far as corporate social responsibility is concerned. The millennium hotels have created partnership with some agricultural corporations to help in the production of foods that are quality and that fetch the country a lot of revenue. Also so that the hotels can have a diversification in foods that they offer which are not commonly found in other hotels. The agricultural industry faces a lot of challenges as far as climate is concerned and hence in order to ensure there is food security in the United Kingdom. The millennium hotels help them by offering trainings for them that help them to use the best agricultural practices to enable them use irrigation and help in the storage of water in the soil. The millennium hotels encourage conservation of resources by offering funds to create awareness to the public not to waste resources that are available such as water and gas because that helps to save a lot of money. Besides partnering in agricultural industry they have also participated in the summits which are about conservation of energy. Some businesses in the private and public sector are said to be consuming a lot of energy in the processing of their products and hence they are being encouraged to come up with ways that help in the conservation of the same. The millennium hotels have done a commendable job in Corporate Social Responsibility and were recently given an award in the global corporate social responsibility summit and awards for helping and participating in helping the society grow. They have helped the society to solve some of the problems that they can handle. This is very good for their image because people get to learn about them and recommend the hotels to friends or tourists visiting United Kingdom from other countries. They have also paid a lot of concern on the climate change issue which is caused by global warming. The millennium hotels are willing to support campaigns on climate by getting the government to make new policies that are on companies that cause degradation of the environment. The millennium hotels are also on the fore front in addressing issues concerning human rights violations especially of the employees who work in the hospitality industry. There have been cases of violations for rights concerning employees joining the trade unions. Some of the big hotels in the United Kingdom did not want the employees to join the trade unions so that some of the issues that need to be addressed can be looked at. Stakeholders involvement to CSR of hospitality industry. The stakeholders of the hospitality industry has played a big part in promoting Corporate Social Responsibility by   ensuring that the manner in which it is conducted, is fair to all persons in the society. The stakeholders have helped to reduce the rates of pollution on the environment. They have also helped in providing solutions to the problems that were facing the environment. They have helped the companies to translate the theories which are related to corporate social responsibility to practice. They have helped in the application of good leadership in the hospitality industry. The stakeholders have also helped the hospitality industry to use innovation which in order to keep with the changing times as the technology continues to advance. The advancement in technology helps it to be sustainable. The stakeholders help in the preservation of cultures and some of the tradition which act as tourism attraction. The stakeholders have also helped in the conservation of water catchment areas and valleys that are important for tourism. The hospitality industry contributes to the economic growth of the country in a very big way. The stakeholders have helped countries to see that they follow and meet their mission. The stakeholders help to connect the industry internationally and hence making the businesses grow. The stakeholders in the hospitality industry ensure that the employees undergo intensive training because the hospitalism industry is more about public relations. The stakeholders are very concerned about the working conditions that the workers work in and also about the level of dedication that the workers have towards their work. The stakeholders are also concerned about the kind of equipments that the workers use in order to deliver quality services. The stakeholders help in reaching at a decision that is suitable for the industry or about giving suggestion that would help in providing quality services. All this is aimed at improving the corporate social responsibility towards the employees in the hospitality industry. The stakeholders have not at any point stopped to support the hospitality industry and that is why majority of companies and business are taking responsibilities of the environment and also of the society. Research carried out, about   the hospitality industry regarding corporate social responsibility   show that it can integrate well with tourism. Some of the areas that are conserved for use by the hospitality industry to attract tourists are done by the permission from the stakeholders with an agreement of making them to be part of the projects that they carry out. The hospitality industry is also integrated with the media industry because of the advertisements that are carried out about the industry. The industry helps in the development of the communities that are around areas that have tourist attraction sites. The hospitality industry is being challenged to construct communities that are stronger for the changing generations where things are done in a different way than they are normally run. The stakeholders offer a lot of help when it comes to long term business partnerships. The stakeholders look at advancing the corporate social responsibilities in order to have an impact on the community and also help make changes in peoples lives that would not have been able to do make it in life without a little help. The stakeholders encourage the public to get involved in volunteerism so that the public can be able to understand how the concept of corporate social responsibility works. Volunteerism helps give people an insight about life and makes them ready to always help. The spirit of helping and giving should be included in the school curriculum because majority of student do not understand what volunteerism is all about. People who have worked as volunteers at any point in their life make very good managers and hardly embezzle funds from the company. The hospitality industry is surrounded by compassionate people   who love to travel and are ready to learn the diverse cultures that the world has to offer, that is why hospitality   courses integrate very well with corporate social responsibility. The stakeholders like to work with leaders who are ready to listen to suggestions that people have because sometimes they turn out better than anything that they would have come up with. The stakeholders best know the areas in the society that need to be given attention by the corporate world such as the hospitality industry. The stakeholders write proposals to the business in the hospitality industry to guide them on projects that they should undertake which make changes in the society. The stakeholders ensure that they follow up with their proposals because when they go through they are called upon to undertake the projects. Majority of the projects are usually community based projects and hence every person in the society is entitled to the services that are going to be provided. Theories that support corporate social responsibility There are theories that support Corporate Social Responsibility. These theories help in guiding companies about the responsibilities that they should have. Mostly the theories have an impact on the society, the economy of a country and last but not least the environment in which we live in. The theories that influence corporate social responsibility are Clarkson theory, stakeholder theory and the shareholder theory. The stakeholder theory is about the stakeholders of the company who own of the company in their own way because without them then the company would not be in existence since they greatly contribute. This theory talks about recognizing them and making them feel important so that they can greatly support the company. The hospitality industry needs to put the stakeholders into consideration because they help in marketing, by recommending the products to new customers. This theory is all about the business ethics that should be adhered to. The stakeholders are the basis for a company when compared to the stockholders. However this theory faces contradictions based on the use of the profits that companies make. The argument behind is that whether the gains made by the company should be given first be given to the stockholders. The extension of the companies responsibilities to the society who are not stockholders or stakeholders is very important. The stakeholder theory besides considering the non stockholders to the companies also considers the employees to the companies, the communities that are localized, the institutions that are responsible for offering finances to the public in form of loans the customers and finally the organizations who are given tenders to supply goods and services to the hospitality industry. The stakeholder theory helps the company and industry managers to be able in to enter into the business environment that is bigger. It also teaches them to know the various ways of taking care of business and effect procedures that are important to the stakeholders. It also helps the managers to make major decisions about the company and think through about the impact that such decisions will have on the people in the society or all the stakeholders. This theory is dynamic because it gives room for changes in the companies and the companies will also need to adapt to these changes. However, when the company makes it a priority to increase the wealth of the stockholders, the stakeholders to the company can become sidelined and this not good for business. The stakeholder theory says that it is not ethical to fail putting into consideration the stakeholders interests. Companies who overlook the stakeholders look at the benefits of the company in a short term manner compared to the companies who look at making or getting benefits that are long term for sustainability. This theory says that it does not matter whether the company is in business for a long term period or a short one because either way they are supported by the society. Stakeholder theory helps corporations to define their reasons for existent and what they really are. It helps to analyze that, the companies exist because of the shareholders that they have. It says that with this aim the company surely prospers. Companies and industries are viewed as large organization even if they are not big enough because of the social integration that they have with the society. Proposals have been written to the United Kingdom government requesting them to include the section of corporate social responsibility in the constitution so that the industries and businesses in general can be of a common good to all citizens. The government has not made it mandatory for companies to put into application the stakeholders theory but it highly recommends it for companies that want with the support of the society. The Clarkson theory talks about the stakeholders but in a different classification. This theory classifies them into two groups; the primary stakeholders and the secondary stakeholders. This theory says that the stakeholders to a company have different interests in the company that they are members to. This classification enables the firms to be in a better position to develop its policies and more so its reputation. The firms will also be able to meet the benefits which accrue to them economically. The shareholder or stockholder theory is about the people who have capital in the business. It says that the stockholders need to see that the profits generated by the company go to a good course such as charitable activities. These theories have supported the corporate social responsibility in many companies whether is it done in a formal way or not. These theories have acted as a key and eye opener to many companies because they have helped them understand the concept of giving back to the society as they seek to expand. Many businesses face the challenge of knowing who they should give support to. They are torn between the stakeholders and the stockholders. The stockholders according to these theories only want the companies to participate in corporate social responsibilities when the company has made enough profit that can cater for such responsibilities. The stockholders do not like it when the company offers corporate social responsibilities on the expense of the stockholders. The conflict thus is still there as the companies keep on defining their policies. The companies also face the challenge of how far they should extend their responsibilities because there are companies who start foundations and support them for a long time and there are others who donate funds to onetime events that occur. The theories all conclude with a form of business that the company should employ which allows them to become more responsible in how they do business. This theories have helped in sealing some of the gaps that exist in many companies which the business were finding hard to take care of because they were not conducting business in the right manner. Many companies forget that involving the customers in business is what makes them to seal the gaps in the economy and policies to companies. A comparative analysis of millennium hotels UK and the organizations that are highly socially responsible Globalization has in every way helped the hospitality industry to move forward and to help the society. They have helped in curbing inequalities that are experienced in the economy. The other organizations take a section of the profits that they have made in a particular financial year and give to an organization that help in offering of charitable activities. The markets in which the goods and services are being traded nowadays are local and hence this makes the private companies to become more obligated in offering corporate social responsibilities. The global market operate socially nowadays because with the availability of internet stakeholders have the ability to post comments about the hospitality industries and the various organizations that contribute to the society. Sometimes the corporate social responsibility helps to tap investors, because investors like to invest in organizations that are conducting business legally and give back to the society. The other organizations like the millennium hotels in the United Kingdom do a research on what the customers want and hence take effect if what the customers want is possible. So many investors have invested in the millennium hotels because they have shown stability which is justified by the management team that they have in place which gives the investors confidence. The way the millennium group of hotels in which run the business is so professional and hence the contribution in the social responsibilities. Corporate social responsibility revolves about delivering what is in the mission statements that companies have. The millennium hotels in the United Kingdom have clearly shown this because they are not involved in scandals that other hotels face in the hospitality industry when customers complain about services that were offered. The millennium hotels are willing to build on assets that are not tangible because they give returns after an extended time. They are also are not afraid to effect changes when it comes to the structures that they have in the organization. The other organizations face a lot scrutiny and delay when it comes to making changes that affect the management. The millennium hotels are at an advantage because all they have to do is create a good name through the services that they offer to the customers. They also have to intensively advertise the hotels so that many people can become aware. The millennium hotels have excellent booking services since they have offices in the airports and also have fantastic facilities for recreational. This way they help to create demand for the goods that are readily available. The other organizations contribute to the corporate social responsibilities by training the local residents and offering them job opportunities. They teach them to be entrepreneurs because relying on being employed leaves a very small room for innovation. They are known to be very sensitive when it comes to gender issues. They employ women who are situated in the rural areas of the United Kingdom and also consider the youths who are just out of college and are looking for jobs. Most important they employ the people who are not skilled who are mostly based areas that are remote. They consider such persons when hiring workers because they know that the chances of them getting employed in places like the millennium hotels are very rare. The millennium hotels are commended for being able to create job opportunities and to make wealth out of utilizing resources that are naturally and culturally held. The millennium hotels are concerned about the rising levels of poverty in some countries especially in Africa. Helping the society in order to reduce poverty is not concerned with the moral obligation that people have in the society. Countries that have high levels of poverty are said to pose insecurity in the hospitality industry. The hospitality industry in the developing countries is reported to grow at an alarming rate and hence there needs to be improvements so that the tourist or guests feel secure in those countries. There are so many cases of tourist getting robbed and even getting murdered in foreign countries or even residents getting hurt while in local hotels . The millennium group of hotels offers tight security to their guests. The decline in the well being of societies that host some of the organizations makes the society think less of them. For those companies whose societies are well kept, the implication created is that the stakeholders are taken care of well. The millennium hotels are situated in very clean environments that guests would love to associate with. It is upon the government   to figure out   how the other organizations apart from the millennium hotels maintain cordial relationships with the stakeholders. The millennium hotels offer support to countries that are sometimes affected by war. International peace is very important for many businesses and not just the hospitality industry. There is a great need to have programmes that are run by organizations from various industries so that they can come up with the creation of funds that are global. These funds are used to set up foundations and the rules of conduct that companies should use to guide them. This way this can help in creating an economy that is sustainable with time. These foundations can be used to protect the eco- system among other things. The other organizations need to come with a better strategy on how they will be responding to some of the issues, that the community needs to be addressed. These foundations should funded by long term businesses that are going to be operational for a long time so that they can assist the community more. This way they can generate very huge profits following the support from the society. Corporate Social Responsibility will one day become compulsory for all the companies because the society is the backbone of the companies. The market forces continue to be stronger and thus making sure that every company is up to date with the current happenings in the world. The other organizations are so focused on making profits for themselves such that they forget about the societies. They often violate the business ethics and hence most the times embezzle the stockholders capital. Majority of managers in this organizations are not honest since most of the time they run the business in the way they feel they should and not on how the rules state. Majority of this organization leave such responsibilities to the government.

The Role Of Teaching Grammar In School

The Role Of Teaching Grammar In School In the past, in a traditional classroom, grammatical competence and explicit knowledge of language rules were emphasized. Grammar teaching held such an essential part in language teaching that other aspects became either ignored or downplayed. People assumed that if the grammatical rules of a language were mastered, the success of communication in that language was ensured (Richards and Renandya, 2002, p.145). Therefore, at that time this assumption required learners to pay much attention to grammar rules, sentence structures and forms. Every leaners, even children at a very young age, were made to study the complicated rules of grammar (Dash, 2007, p.91). This viewpoint inherits in itself several weaknesses. Dash also pointed out one of them, saying that modern educationists believe although a pupil has known all the grammar rules, he or she still makes the most elementary mistakes in grammar. Moreover, increased knowledge in grammar doesnt help students to increase the ability to use english correctly (p. 92). If learners just spend years learning only the formal properties of the language, they cannot exchange information, express ideas or feelings. To be able to communicate, they must learn grammatical rules in real communication. That is the reason why though students can do excellent exercises after studying grammar lesson, their ability to speak may not be improved. It is traditional grammar teaching that led to failure in communication. Acknowledging the imperfection of traditional view of grammar, things began to change in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It is argued that to be a competent user of a language, one needs to knows not only the rules of grammar, but also how the rules are used in real communication (Richards and Renandya, 2002, p.145). During this period, grammar teaching became less important or in some cases was abandoned. Many other teaching methods which were sought to replace traditional language teaching such as Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), Functional grammar and Consciousness-raising mainly focused on how to use it communicatively. To replace traditional grammar practice, Consciousness-raising is offered. Consciousness-raising, also known as awareness-raising, is part of the process a learner can go through with new language. Students first become aware or conscious of the new language, then recognise and distinguish it, then produce it. Through Consciousness-raising, learners will develop an explicit knowledge of the grammar of the language which facilitates their ability to communicate (Richards and Renandya, 2002, p.146. Opposite to traditional approaches, the goal of teaching grammar in a consciousness-raising is to instil correct grammatical patterns and habits directly through carefully-designed activities. This means it is not always a must to teach grammar points explicitly. Learners may also be led to grammatical rules implicitly. Nevertheless, this method has its own limitations. Because this method requires thinking much, it may not be appropriate for young learners and beginners, or others who prefe r learning by practising to thinking may dislike it. In addition, the aim of this method is helping learners to know about the language and it does not emphasize on immediate language use. Consequently, it may take a long time for the learners to be able to communicate in L2 spontaneously. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) mainly focused on the communicative process and the negociation of meaning between participants. Learners need to know not only forms but also meanings and functions.That is, according to Hymes (1971), in CLT they will develop communicative competence, knowing when to say what to whom and how. (Freeman, 2002, p.121). Therefore, the activities in CLT are often meaningful tasks which involve real communication such as: language games, picture strip story,role play..etc. Though this is an effective approach of teaching grammar communicatively, it is believed to fill the gap in traditional grammar between forms and usage indirectly. The reason is that it does not necessarily deal with grammar sytematically. Actually, when communicative approaches are adopted, they are often represented as a combination of traditional grammar with communicative enhancements. (Hinkel and Fotos, 2002, p.79) Another approach related to CLT is teaching functional grammar. It is a general theory of the organization of natural language developed by Simon C. Dik, Michael Halliday and others. In general, the difference between functional approaches and traditional approaches is their focus. Functional approaches primarily focus on the communicative aspect of language in a particular context while traditional grammar focus on rules and syntax. According to this method, a given language form cannot guarantee an effective communicative skill without referring to the circumstances because some forms of expression may be appropriate while the others are not. Therefore, this way of teaching grammar provides leaners with good knowledge of using the right forms in different situations. Nonetheless, though representing an important advance in tying grammar to meaningful functions (Hinkel and Fotos, 2002, p.79), it causes some difficulty for learners. For instance, systemic functional grammar developed by Halliday mainly deals with meaning in context, it is often more complex than traditional grammar in terms of labels while traditional grammar is more concerned with rules. Therefore, it may take time to learn functional grammar. After a period in which the role of grammar declined, in recent years it has regained its rightful place in the language curriculum (Richards and Renandya, 2002, p.145). Now people realize that grammar is very important to the leaners language development. Teaching grammar in classroom today In today classroom, though there are many methods for teaching grammar, some teachers still prefer traditional grammar because it does not require much of the their language competence beyond the texbook. (Ho, 2007, p.28). This method is also supported by public attitudes. People assume that in public high schools teachers will teach good grammar for student success. Therefore, traditional grammar teaching is still widely accepted. There are others who believe an integrated method may be a good choice. In sum, until now there is no conclusion which is the best method in teaching grammar and methodologists are still doing researchs to find as many effective ways as possible.

sports in the 1950s :: essays research papers

Sports in the 1950's Whether it's Mark McGwire breaking the home run record, Terell Davis breaking the rushing record, or superstars retiring, Americans have always had a fascination with sports. Sports have provided entertainment even before radio or television. Sports provided many things for the fans that watched them. Sports allowed communities to grow stronger and provided great athletes to look up to. With the arrival of television sports took on a whole new meaning. Being able to watch a game together gave the community a new way to bond, giving individuals a visual image of their favorite athletes. The television also opened up the industry of commercialization. Sports, televison, and merchandising on television became a combination that continues even today.The community in the 1950's was like one big family. Children played in the streets, everyone knew everyone else on the block, and sports created unbreakable bonds. Children and their fathers, neighbors, and even complete strangers could alwa ys talk about sports. As televison began to fill American homes, neighbors flocked to each others house to watch different events. Even neighbors who loved different sides crowded around the television to watch the event. Whether it was baseball, wrestling, golf, roller derby, or another sport, television allowed the community to grow closer. It is estimated that one sporting event drew an audience of 150,000 viewers. This is remarkable considering there was only about 5,000 television sets in American homes. That is about 30 people per set! Sports and television did more than just bring the community closer together. Sports on television became so popular that merchandising became a booming business. Whether at a game or sitting in the living room, authentic merchandise was a must for any fan. Much like the merchandise in Karal Ann Marlings book As Seen On TV, the merchandising industry exploited the people.

Scoliosis :: Health, Informative, Medicine

Scoliosis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone's spine has curves. These curves produce the normal rounding of the shoulder and the sway of the lower back. A spine with scoliosis has abnormal curves with a rotational deformity. This means that the spine turns on its axis like a corkscrew.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scoliosis is a curvature of the spine which may have its onset in infancy but is most frequently discovered in adolescence. It is more common in females by a 2:1 ratio. However, when curves in excess of 30 degrees are evaluated, females are more frequently affected by a ration of approximately10:1. The cause of the most common form of scoliosis; idiopathic scoliosis. is unknown, but there have been hereditary factors discovered that are present.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Scoliosis causes shoulder, trunk and waistline â€Å"asymmetry†. In mild forms, the condition may be barely noticed; however, in severe forms there is significant disfigurement, back pain and postural fatigue, and it may be associated with heart failure. Fortunately the majority of scoliosis cases need only close follow-up to watch for worsening of the curve. Some cases require more aggressive treatment which could include surgery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The non-operative treatment of scoliosis involves observing the deformity with examinations and repeated x-rays. Under certain circumstances, when spinal growth remains, a brace may be used in combination with follow-up x- rays. Physical therapy exercises have not been shown to be effective treatment for scoliosis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most common surgical treatment for scoliosis is a spine fusion using special stainless steel rods, hooks, and a bone graft. The rods are attached to the spine with hooks and the curved portion of the spine is carefully

One Good Beating :: English Literature

One Good Beating Many contemporary Scottish plays explore the conflict that can exist between people of different generations. In this essay I am going to discuss whether or not Linda McLean’s â€Å"One Good Beating† conveys this issue of conflict and explore the other themes throughout the play. Although â€Å"One Good Beating† only consists of three characters (Robert-dad, Elaine- daughter and Stephen-son) there are many conflicts throughout the play, many of which are between all three characters over the same issue. Stephen is in conflict with his dad Robert because when he was younger he used to beat him. Stephen is still affected by his traumatising childhood even though he is in his mid thirties. Stephen: â€Å"But he never hit you† Elaine: â€Å"If he thinks for a minute you’re stuck in the past he’ll Beat you† These words illustrate how Stephen has been emotionally scarred by what his father did to him and can’t live his life properly because he is living with the memory of his tragic childhood. This conflict, which has grown between these two characters, does not just go in the one direction, Robert is in conflict with Stephen but for an entirely different reason. Robert never loved Stephen however Stephen continued trying to change his father’s opinion. The only way Robert could react to this was to hit Stephen. Robert: â€Å"I couldn’t give a tuppenny damn whether you forgave me or not†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Stephen: â€Å"all I wanted from him†¦I wanted him to love me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Robert: â€Å" †¦I don’t like you† Robert’s only problem with his son was that he had been born. However he didn’t love Stephen because he could not love any one. It was just simply because he did not like him. Robert: â€Å"its temporary, Elaine knows I love her.† These words emphasise even more that it was just his son he had a problem with and that he was devoted to his daughter. Stephen is not the only one in conflict with Robert. Elaine is also in conflict with Robert because when she was young, Robert killed her puppy. Robert: â€Å" †¦ dead something. Puppy maybe.† Elaine reacts to this by (stage directions) hitting the coal-shed door, which demonstrates that she has never forgiven her father for what he did and still feels strongly about the issue. She is also in conflict with her father because he hit her mother and brother and buried their mother without even informing them of her death. Elaine: â€Å" you didn’t even give her a proper funeral† Elaine: â€Å" you never told anybody she was dead† This emphasises how she felt about her mother and how much hate she has for her father because of how he mistreated her mother.

Michael Faraday Essay

Michael Faraday is a science hero, who made remarkable contribution to the field of electrical engineering as a result of his studies on the direct current and electromagnetic fields. Michael Faraday is a British physicist and chemist who made major discoveries of electromagnetic induction in addition to the laws of electrolysis. Even though electromagnetic filed are everywhere in the environment they are invisible to the naked eye. The biggest invention made by Michael Faraday was the invention of the electric motor. This paper through qualitative analysis of published work and legitimate website sources is going to look at the contributions of Michael faraday to the field of electrical engineering. Introduction Direct current can be described as the continuous flow of electrons from a region of negative charges through a conducting material such as a metallic object to a region of positive charges (Herman and Loper, 2006). A direct current circuit is required in order to allow electrons to flow in an uninterrupted manner. Direct current circuit mainly consists of a wire conducting electrons from the negative terminal to a positive terminal and a source of electric energy (Herman and Loper, 2006). The flow of electrons in a direct current circuit is similar to the flow of water through a hose. The direction of current in a direct current circuit is opposite to the flow of electrons. Electrochemical or voltaic cells are used to produce direct current (Herman and Loper, 2006). Electromagnetic fields on the other hand, are produced when charged particles, especially electrons, are accelerated. All charged particles in motion produce electromagnetic fields. The first discovery of electromagnetic fields was done in the 19th century. This was after physicists realized that sparks could be reproduced at a distance without necessarily connecting them to the source with a metallic wire (Thompson, 2005).. As a result scientists came to a conclusion that it was possible to communicate with people far away without wires. Electromagnetic fields are mainly produced by alternating current in electrical conductors. Michael Faraday made tremendous contribution to the field of electoral engineering as far as direct current and electromagnetic fields are concerned. Michael Faraday Michael Faraday, the discoverer of diamagnetism, magneto-optical effect, electro-magnetic induction, electromagnetic rotation, was born on 1791 in southern London (Russell, 2000). He was initially a bookbinder in Britain, who developed interest in electricity, chemical and physical works of the time. He first became an assistant in Davy’s Lab before moving out to conduct his own experiments. His work at Davy’s lab mainly involved carrying out various chemical experiments. As a result of carrying out many chemical experiments, Faraday discovered two new chlorides of carbon and also liquefied chlorine and other gases (Thompson, 2005). In 1821, as states by Thompson (2005), Faraday wrote an article on current views concerning electricity and magnetism. In 1825, he isolated benzene. Faraday continued working on his ideas concerning electricity. He came up with a novel theory of electro-chemical action in 1833 after coining many of the words associated with electricity such as electrode, cathode, ion, and anode among many others. In the late 1830s Faraday was working on his ideas concerning electric induction and static electricity. He finally came to reject the conventional perception that electricity was an imponderable fluid. Rather, Faraday suggested that electricity was specific form of force present in matter flowing from one particle to another (Russell, 2000). Gladstone (2010) states that during one of his experiments Faraday discovered that a suspended magnet would revolve around a current bearing wire; an aspect that made him to propose that magnetism was a circular force. Later on Faraday discovered magnetic-optical rotation. Despite being mathematically illiterate, Faraday’s contribution to the field of electrical engineering remains significant. His contributions to electricity were based purely on experiment. His work however, resulted in deep mathematical theories concerning magnetism and electricity (Gladstone, 2010). The main belief that guided Faraday’s interest into electricity and electrolysis research was that electricity is one of the numerous manifestations of the integrated forces of nature such as heat, light, chemical affinity and magnetism. This perception led him to the field of electromagnetism (Thompson, 2005). Oersted, another great physicist of the time had converted electric current into magnetic force; Faraday was determined to reverse the process so as to produce electricity from magnetic force. Orsted had shown that electricity had the capacity to create a magnet field around a coil. Faraday developed a second coil that would intercept and convert the magnetic field back to electric current (Gladstone, 2010). Faraday made a clear demonstration of the phenomenon of electromagnetism through a series of experiments. It was in 1831 when Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction the principle behind electric generator and electric transformer (Gladstone, 2010). He expressed the induced electric current in terms of the number of lines of force that the wire cut through. This discovery made it easy for the transformation of electricity from a curiosity state to a novel and powerful technology. After Faraday discovered that electricity could be generated by rotating a magnet inside a coil made of metallic wire, he was able to create the first electric motor. Later on he built a transformer and a generator. In 1857 he devised the laws of chemical electrodeposition of metals from solutions (Russell, 2000). He also formulated the second law of electrolysis based on the 1807 perception that certain metals could be precipitated by an electric current from their compounds, which states that â€Å"the amounts of objects that are equivalent to each other in their ordinary chemical characteristics possess equal quantities of electricity naturally linked to them. Faraday also invented the voltmeter, the gadget that measures electric charge. Development of a voltmeter was the first step towards the standardization of electrical quantities. His contribution to the development of a field describing electric and magnetic forces in 1845 was one of the most important contributions of Faraday in physics (Gladstone, 2010). Faraday discovered that intense magnetic filed has the capacity to rotate the plane of a polarized light. This concept has been extensively made use of in elucidation of molecular structure in addition to providing significant information concerning galactic magnetic fields. Faraday first proposed that current generates an electric tension that produces an electronic state, or polarization of molecules and plays a major role of transmitting the electric force. The work of Faraday laid a strong foundation of the classical electromagnetic field theory, which was later developed by J. C. Maxwell (Thompson, 2005). Conclusion It can therefore be concluded that Michael Faraday is a science hero, who made remarkable contribution to the field of electrical engineering as a result of his studies on the direct current and electromagnetic fields. Direct current is the continuous flow of electrons from a region of negative charges through a conducting material such as a metallic object to a region of positive charges. Electromagnetic fields, on the other hand, are produced when charged particles, especially electrons, are accelerated. Faraday came up with a novel theory of electro-chemical action after coining many of the words associated with electricity such as electrode, cathode, ion, and anode. Faraday discovered that a suspended magnet would revolve around a current bearing wire, an aspect that made him to propose that magnetism was a circular force. Faraday also discovered electromagnetic induction the principle behind electric generator and electric transformer. After Faraday discovered that electricity could be generated by rotating a magnet inside a coil made of metallic wire, he was able to create the first electric motor. Later on he built a transformer and a generator. Faraday discovered that intense magnetic field has the capacity to rotate the plane of a polarized light. This concept has been extensively made use of in elucidation of molecular structure in addition to providing significant information concerning galactic magnetic fields. Reference: Gladstone, J. , (2010). Michael Faraday, ISBN 1445576198: READ BOOKS Herman, S. , and Loper O. , (edn 7), (2006). Direct current fundamentals, ISBN 1418000450: Thomson Delmar Learning Russell, C. , (2000). Michael Faraday: physics and faith, ISBN 0195117638 Oxford University Press US Thompson, S. , (2005). Michael Faraday His Life and Work, ISBN 1417970367: Kessinger Publishing

Backgroud of Malaysia Airlines Essay

Malaysia Airlines System Berhad is also known as MAS in short. MAS is founded in 1947 as Malayan Airways, but it has change its name as Malaysian Airline System in 1 October 1972 .MAS is the flag carrier which is own by government of Malaysia. MAS headquarters is situated at Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport in Subang, Selangor. MAS operates flights at its first base in Kuala Lumpur International Airport, and secondary base in Kota Kinabalu. Malaysian Airlines System Berhad is the holding company for Malaysia ¶s national airlines carrier, one of the fastest growing airlines in Asia. Malaysia Airlines has two airline subsidiaries, which is Firefly MASwings. Firefly operates scheduled flights from its two home bases Penang International Airport and Subang International Airport. The airlines focuses on tertiary cities although has recently launched services to Borneo from KualaLumpur International Airport. MASwings focuses or inter-Borneo flights. Malaysia Airlines has a freighter fleet operated by MASKargo, which managers freighter flights and aircraft cargo-hold capacity for all Malaysia Airlines passenger flights. MAS are using this type of craft Airbus A330-200 and A330-300. Boeing 737-400, 800 and400/400. Malaysia Airlines operates a fleet of aircraft with two cabin configurations. Malaysia Airlines B777-200ER fleet has a two configuration which is Golden Club Class and Economy Class. Its B747-400 fleet has a three-cabin configuration, also including First Class. Malaysia Airlines premium cabins and Economy Class have been giving numerous awards for excellence in product and service delivery. From a small air service, Malaysia airlines have grown to become award-winning airline with more than 1000 aircraft, servicing more than 110 destinations across six continents. Malaysia Airlines also practiced the online booking and buying to make their reservation or purchasing way easier for passenger. With this online purchasing, the passengers need to fulfill their details like the destination they want to go and the departure place they want. The payment will settling via the online banking. Internet user can book their air ticket, hotel, and train ticket and rent car via Malaysia Airlines Website.